There we were, in our hotel room in Innsbruck, and Sam asked me what I knew about Liechtenstein. Not much, I admitted. I was intrigued by this tiny country tucked in between Austria and Switzerland, and I’d researched what kinds of things there were to see there, but I wasn’t particularly familiar with their history. So we did some research!
Liechtenstein was founded by the Liechtenstein family, who bought the land in order to have a vote in the Holy Roman Empire. Basically, they needed land that didn’t have an intermediary feudal lord, and this small stretch of land fit the bill. Shortly thereafter, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, but the Liechtenstein family kept the land and it was one of their many castles. They didn’t visit particularly often.
It wasn’t really until the years leading up to WW2 that the Liechtenstein family took a look around at what was happening in German-speaking Europe. And they did not like what they saw. They started moving their money and resources out of Vienna and the rest of Austria, and moved into their castle on the hill in Liechtenstein. Then they asked Switzerland to help them stay neutral through WW2, which worked! They managed to keep their sovereignty and preserve the microstate.
Liechtenstein also has a strange relationship with democracy and civil rights. Wikipedia calls them a “semi-constitutional monarchy,” which might be underselling it. In 2003, they adopted a new constitution after two referendums were put to a vote. One of the referendums was called the “Constitutional Peace Initiative,” which was intended to amend the constitution to restrict the prince’s powers, and this failed by a vote of 83.44%. The other, which passed by 64.32% of the vote, was called the “Princely Initiative” and gave the prince power to dismiss the government, nominate judges, and veto legislation. The BBC has said that Liechtenstein is effectively an “absolute monarchy” and the Venice Commission has said that the new constitution is “not compatible with the European standard of democracy.”
Liechtenstein has the dubious honor of being the last country in Europe to allow women to vote. Women’s suffrage was finally approved in 1984. While we were there, the National Museum had a celebration of 40 years of women’s voting! While it’s absolutely wild to see such a recent year on that milestone, the exhibit was really well done. They went through the entire timeline of women’s suffrage, including important decisions on related feminist issues, and there was a section across the hall where people could respond and make posters about voting and having a voice.
Learning all this gave us a fascinating visit to the National Museum! I am always interested in the stories that countries tell about themselves, and Sam and I had a great time reading through as much as we could from the museum. It was even better for Sam since he can speak German. We also went to the Treasury, which was mostly Fabergé eggs, but had maybe the coolest entrance of any museum I’ve been to where they gave us a coin that unlocked the exhibit. We made a quick stop to the Postal Museum as well, then got some lunch and made our way into Switzerland.
Liechtenstein is tiny, but its unexpected history made it way more interesting than I’d thought it would be. I learned a lot in our brief, museum-filled visit, and I’m glad Sam and I took the time (and the multiple buses) required to visit Vaduz.